Bibliografi
- 2009
The efficacy and safety of Enhanced External Counterpulsation in patients with peripheral arteria disease.
Trakkar BV, Hirch AT, Satran D, Bart BA, Barsness G, McCullough PA, Kennard EA, Kelsey SF, Henry TD
Vascular Medicine 2009 XX ( X )
Improvement of Fractional Flow Reserve and Collateral Flow by Treatment with External
Counterpulsation (Art.Net.-2 Trial)
Buschmann EE, Utz W, Pagonas N, Schulz-Menger J, Busjahn A, Monti J, Maerz W, le Noble F,
Thierfelder L, Dietz R, Klauss V, Gross M, Buschmann IR; on behalf of the Arteriogenesis Network (Art.
Net.).European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2009 Jul 2.
Assessment of the Effect of External Counterpulsation on Myocardial Adaptive Arteriogenesis by Invasive Functional Measurements – Design of the Arteriogenesis Network Trial 2
Pagonas N, Utz W, Schulz-Menger J, Busjahn A, Monti J, Thierfelder L, Dietz R, Klauss V, Gross M,
Buschmann IR, Buschmann EE; on behalf of the Arteriogenesis Network (Art.Net.).
International Journal of Cardiology. 2009 Jun 16.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Promotes Growth Cytokines-mediated Myocardial Angiogenesis in a Porcine Model of Hypercholesterolemia
Luo JY, Wu GF, Xiong Y, Chen GW, Xie Q, Yang DY, He XH, Zhang Y, Liu DH, Wang KJ, Ma H, Zheng ZS, DU ZM.
Chinese Medical Journal (Engl). 2009 May 20;122(10):1188-94.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation for the Treatment of Stable Angina and Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Economic Analysis
McKenna C, McDaid C, Suekarran S, Hawkins N, Claxton K, Light K, Chester M, Cleland J, Woolacott N,Sculpher M.
Health Technology Assessment. 2009 Apr;13(24):iii-iv, ix-xi, 1-90.
Effect of Enhanced External Counterpulsation on Clinical Symptoms, Quality of Life, 6-Minute Walking
Distance, and Echocardiographic Measurements of Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function After 35 Days of Treatment and at 1-Year Follow Up in 47 Patients With Chronic Refractory Angina Pectoris
Kumar A, Aronow WS, Vadnerkar A, Sidhu P, Mittal S, Kasliwal RR, Trehan N.
American Journal of Therapeutics. 2009 Mar/Apr;16(2):116-118.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation: An Innovative Physical Therapy for Refractory Angina
Braverman DL.
PM & R. 2009 Mar;1(3):268-76.
EECP: A Non-invasive Therapy for Refractory Angina
Beaini Y, Morley C.
Practitioner. 2009 Feb;253(1715):27-31
Invasive Left Ventricular Energetics During Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Michaels AD, Tacy T, Teitel D, Shapiro M, Grossman W.
American Journal of Therapeutics. 2009;16:239-246. Jan 13.
Treatment Options for Refractory Angina Pectoris: Enhanced External Counterpulsation Therapy
Soran O.
Current Treatment Options Cardiovascular Medicine. 2009 Feb;11(1):54-60.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Regional Function After Enhanced External Counter Pulsation Therapy Using Strain Rate Imaging
Esmaeilzadeh M, Khaledifar A, Maleki M, Sadeghpour A, Samiei N, Moladoust H, Noohi F, Haghighi ZO, Mohebbi A.
European Journal of Echocardiography. 2009 Jan;10(1):120-6. Epub 2008 Jun 21.
- Long Term
Enhanced external counter pulsation in treatment of refractory angina pectoris:
two year outcome and baseline factors associated with treatment failure
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2008, 8:39 doi:10.1186/1471-2261-8-39
Andre Erdling ,Susanne Bondesson ,Thomas Petterson ,Lars Edvinsson)
Loh PH, Cleland JG, Louis AA, Kennard ED, Cook JF, Caplin JL, Barsness GW, Lawson WE, Soran OZ, Michaels AD.
Clinical Cardiology. 2008 Apr 10;31(4):159-164.
Pettersson T, Bondesson S, Cojocaru D, Ohlsson O, Wackenfors A, Edvinsson L.
BMC Cardiovascular Disorder. 2006 Jun 15;6:28.
Loh PH, Louis AA, Wundram J, Rigby AS, Cook J, Hurren S, Nikolay NP, Caplin J, Cleland JG.
Journal of Internal Medicine. 2006 Mar;259(3):276-284.
Two-Year Outcomes in Patients with Mild Refractory Angina Treated with
Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Kennard ED, Kelsey SF, Michaels AD, Soran O.
Clinical Cardiology. 2006 Feb;29(2):69-73.
Two-Year Outcomes After Enhanced External Counterpulsation for Stable Angina Pectoris
(from the International Patient Registry [IEPR])
Michaels AD, Linnemeier G, Soran O, Kelsey SF, Kennard ED.
American Journal of Cardiology. 2004 Feb 15;93(4):461-464.
Linnemeier G, Rutter MK, Barsness G, Kennard ED, Nesto RW; IEPR Investigators.
American Heart Journal. 2003 Sep;146(3):453-458
Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Cohn PF.
Clinical Cardiology. 2000 Apr;23(4):254-258.
Three-Year Sustained Benefit from Enhanced External Counterpulsation in Chronic Angina Pectoris
Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Zheng ZS, Oster Z, Katz JP, Diggs P, Burger L, Cohn CD, Soroff HS, Cohn PF.
American Journal of Cardiology. 1995 Apr 15;75:840-841.
- Hemodynamic
The Semantic Extension and Storage of EECP Hemodynamic Waveforms Based on DICOM Standard
Xie S, Yu D, Wei X, Wang K.
Medical Biological Engineering and Computing. 2008 Apr;46(4):391-397. Epub 2008 Feb 12.
Effects of Enhanced External Counterpulsation on Carotid Circulation in Patients with
Coronary Artery Disease
Levenson J, Simon A, Megnien JL, Chironi G, Gariepy J, Pernollet MG, Craiem D, Iliou MC.Cardiology. 2007;108(2):104-110. Epub 2006 Sep 29.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Reduces Lung/Heart Ratio at Stress in Patients with
Lee CM, Wu YW, Jui HY, Chen MF, Lee YT, Soran O.
Cardiology. 2006 May 9;106(4):237-240 [Epub ahead of print]
Taguchi I, Ogawa K, Kanaya T, Matsuda R, Kuga H, Nakatsugawa M.
Circulation Journal. 2004 Nov;68(11):1030-1034.
Michaels AD,
Circulation. 2002 Sep 3;106(10):1237-1242.
Arora RR, Carlucci ML, Malone AM,
Journal of Investigative Medicine. 2001 Nov;49(6):500-504.
Acute Hemodynamic Effects and Angina Improvement with Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Stys T, Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Lang G, Liuzzo J, Cohn PF.
Angiology. 2001 Oct;52(10):653-658
Michaels AD, Kennard ED, Kelsey SE, Holubkov R, Soran O, Spence S, Chou TM.
Clinical Cardiology. 2001 Jun;24(6):453-458.
Maximizing the Hemodynamic Benefit of Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Suresh K, Simandl S, Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Lillis O, Burger L, Guo T, Cohn PF.
Clinical Cardiology. 1998 Sep;21(9):649-653.
- Angiogenesis
Barsheshet A, Hod H, Shechter M, Sharabani-Yosef O, Rosenthal E, Barbash IM, Matetzky S, Tal R, Bentancur AG, Sela BA, Nagler A, Leor J. Cardiology. 2008;110(3):160-166. Epub 2007 Dec 4.
Casey DP, Conti CR, Nichols WW, Choi CY, Khuddus MA, Braith RW.
American Journal of Cardiology. 2008 Feb 1;101(3):300-302. Epub 2007 Dec 11.
Wu G, Du Z, Hu C, Zheng Z, Zhan C, Ma H, Fang D, Ahmed KT, Laham RJ, Hui JC, Lawson WE.
American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2006 Jan;290(1):H248-54.Epub 2005 Aug 19.
Heparin and Angiogenic Therapy
Fujita M.
European Heart Journal. 2000 Feb;21(4):270-274.
External Counterpulsation Increases Capillary Density During Experimental Myocardial Infarction
Huang W, Chen YC, Zheng ZS, Zhong WF, Lawson W, Hui J.
Reprinted from the International Proceedings Division of the XXI Congress of the European Society
of Cardiology. 1999 Aug 28-Sep 1;
- Syndrome X
A new treatment modality in management of patient with cardiac syndrome X : Enhanced External counterpulsation
Turgay Çelik, Atilla İyisoy, U. Cağdaş Yüksel, Basri Amasyalı
Gülhane Millitary Medical Academy School of medicine, Ankara Türkey
İnternational Journal of Cardiology 2008, 30 November
Enhanced external counterpulsation is an effective treatment for Syndrome X
Kenneth D. Kronhaus a , William E. Lawson b,⁎
a Lake Cardiology, Mount Dora, Florida, United States
b SUNY, Stony Brook, NY, United States
Received 4 December 2007; accepted 1 March 2008
- Coronary Artery Disease/Angina
Comparison of patients undergoing enhanced external counterpulsation and spinal cord stimulation for refractory angina pectoris
Susanne Bondessona,b, Thomas Petterssona, Andre´ Erdlinga,
Ingalill Rahm Hallbergb, Angelica Wackenforsa and Lars Edvinssonc
Coronary Artery Disease 2008, Vol 19 No 8
Lawson WE, Barsness G, Michaels AD, Soran O, Kennard ED, Kelsey SF, Hui JC.
Cardiology. 2006 Nov 1;108(3):170-175 [Epub ahead of print]
Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Kennard ED, Barsness G, Kelsey SF.
Cardiology. 2005 Apr 13;103(4):201-206
Arora RR, Lopez S, Saric M.
Heart Lung. 2005 Mar-Apr;34(2):122-125.Frequency and Efficacy of Repeat Enhanced External Counterpulsation for Stable Angina Pectoris
(from the International EECP Patient Registry)
Michaels AD, Barsness GW, Soran O, Kelsey SF, Kennard ED, Hui JCK, and Lawson WE for the International EECP Patient Registry Investigators.American Journal of Cardiology. 2005 Feb;95(3):394-397.
Effectiveness of Enhanced External Counterpulsation in Patients with Left Main Disease and Angina
Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Barsness GW, Kennard ED, Kelsey SF for the IEPR Investigators
Clinical Cardiology. 2004 Aug;27(8):459-463.
Masuda D, Fujita M, Nohara R, Matsumori A, Sasayama S.
Heart Vessels. 2004 Mar;19(2):59-62
Fitzgerald CP, Lawson WE, Hui JC, Kennard ED; IEPR Investigators.
Cardiology. 2003 Nov;100(3):129-135
Functional Status Improvement After Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) for Treatment of Chronic Angina Pectoris
Kennard ED, Linnemeier G, Kelsey SF.
Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Coronary Artery Disease –Frontiers in Coronary Artery Disease. 2003 Oct 19-21;(
Lawson WE, Kennard ED, Hui JCK, Holubkov R, Kelsey SF.
American Journal of Cardiology. 2003 Aug 15;92(4):439-443.
Holubkov R, Kennard ED, Foris JM, Kelsey SF, Soran O, Williams DO, Holmes Jr. DR.
American Journal of Cardiology. 2002 May 15;89:1182-1186.
A Report from the International Enhanced External Counterpulsation Registry (IEPR)
Holubkov R, Kennard E, Kelsey S, Soran O.
Advances in Coronary Artery Diseases-4th International Congress on Coronary Artery Disease.
2001 Oct 21-24;(
Predictors of Adverse Outcomes in Treating Angina Patients with Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Lawson WE, Fleishman B, Manzo K, Kennard ED, Holubkov R, Kelsey SF.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Heart Disease – New Trends in Research, Diagnosis and Treatment (
The International EECP Patient Registry (IEPR): Design, Methods, Baseline Characteristics
and Acute Results
Barsness G, Feldman AM, Holmes Jr. DR, Holubkov R, Kelsey SF, Kennard ED.
Clinical Cardiology. 2001 Jun;24(6):435-442
Safety and Effectiveness of Enhanced External Counterpulsation in Improving Angioplasty Restenosis
Stys TP, Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Tartaglia JJ, Subramanian R, Du ZM, Zhang MQ.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Heart Disease – New Trends in Research, Diagnosis and Treatment (
Enhanced External Counterpulsation: The Howard County Experience in the First 18 Patients
Gloth S, Oken HA.
Arora RR, Chou TM, Jain D, Fleishman B, Crawford L, McKiernan T, Nesto R.The Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1999 Jun;33(7):1833-1840.
Prior Revascularization Increases the Effectiveness of Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Guo T, Burger L, Cohn PF.
Clinical Cardiology 1998 Nov;21(11):841-844.
Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Zheng ZS, Burger L, Jiang L, Lillis O, Soroff HS, Cohn PF.
American Journal of Cardiology. 1996 May 15;77(12):1107‑1109.
- Erectile Dysfunction
El-Sakka AI, Morsy AM, Fagih BI.
The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2007 Jul 18; [Epub ahead of print].
Lawson WE, Hui JC, Kennard ED, Soran O, McCullough PA, Kelsey SF; for the IEPR Investigators.
International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2007 May;61(5):757-762.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation as a New Treatment Modality for Patients with Erectile Dysfunction
Froschermaier SE, Werner D, Leike S, Schneider M, Waltenberger J, Daniel WG, Wirth MP.
Urologia Internationalis. 1998;61(3):168-171.
- Endothelial Function
Zhang Y, He X, Chen X, Ma H, Liu D, Luo J, Du Z, Jin Y, Xiong Y, He J, Fang D, Wang K, Lawson WE, Hui JC, Zheng Z, Wu G.
Circulation. 2007 Jul 31;116(5):526-534. Epub 2007 Jul 9.
Nichols WW, Estrada JC, Braith RW, Owens K, Conti CR.
Journal of the
Tao J, Tu C, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Chung XL, Ma H, Zhen ZS
International Journal of Cardiology. 2005 Nov 23; [Epub ahead of print]
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Does Not Alter Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Angina
Dockery F, Rajkumar C, Bulpitt CJ, Hall RJ, Bagger JP.
Clinical Cardiology. 2004 Dec;27:689-692.
Bonetti
Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2004 May;79(5):690-692.
Bonetti PO, Barsness GW, Keelan PC, Schnell TI, Pumper GM, Kuvin JT, Schnall RP, Holmes DR, Higano ST, Lerman A.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2003 May 21;41(10):1761-1768. - Exercise
Yavari M, Montazeri HR.
Cardiovascular Journal of
Urano H, Ikeda H, Ueno T, Matsumoto T, Murohara T, Imaizumi T.
Journal of the
Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Zheng ZS, Burger L, Jiang L, Lillis O, Oster Z, Soroff H, Cohn PF.
Cardiology. 1996 Jul-Aug;87(4):271-275.
- Heart Failure
Soran O, Kennard ED, Bart BA, Kelsey SF.
Congestive Heart Failure. 2007 Jan-Feb;13(1):36-40
Abbottsmith CW, Chung ES, Varricchione T, de Lame PA, Silver MA, Francis GS, Feldman AM; Prospective Evaluation of EECP in Congestive Heart Failure (PEECH) Investigators.
Congestive Heart Failure. 2006 Nov-Dec;12(6):307-311.
Feldman AM, Silver MA, Francis GS, Abbottsmith CW, Fleishman BL, Soran O, de Lame PA, Varricchione T for the PEECH Investigators
Journal of the
Soran O, Kennard ED, Kfoury AG, Kelsey SF; IEPR Investigators.
American Journal of Cardiology. 2006 Jan 1;97(1):17-20. Epub 2005 Nov 2.
Treating Heart Failure With Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP): Design of the Prospective Evaluation of EECP in Heart Failure (PEECH) Trial
Feldman AM, Silver AM, Francis GS, de Lame P, Parmley WW.Journal of Cardiac Failure. 2005 Apr;11(3):240-245.
Angina Patients with Diastolic Versus Systolic Heart Failure Demonstrate Comparable Immediate and One-Year Benefit from Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Lawson WE, Silver MA, Hui JCK, Kennard ED, Kelsey SF.Journal of Cardiac Failure. 2005 Feb;11(1):61-66.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation in Ischemic Heart Disease and Congestive Heart Failure
Mielniczuk L, da Silva LB, Haddad H.
Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2004 Apr 13;170(8):1223-1224.
A New Treatment Modality in Heart Failure Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP)
Soran O.
Cardiology in Review. 2004 Jan-Feb;12(1):15-20.
Soran O, Kennard ED, Kelsey SF, Holubkov R, Strobeck J, Feldman AM.
Congestive Heart Failure. 2002 Nov-Dec;8(6):297-302.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation in Patients with Heart Failure: A Multicenter Feasibility Study
Soran O, Fleishman B, Demarco T, Grossman W, Schneider VM, Manzo K, de Lame PA, Feldman AM.
Congestive Heart Failure. 2002 Jul-Aug;8(4)204-208, 227.
Lawson WE, Kennard ED, Holubkov R, Kelsey SF, Strobeck JE, Soran O, Feldman AM.
Cardiology. 2001;96(2):78-84.
- Acute Coronary Syndrome/ Cardiogenic Shock
Cohen J, Grossman W, Michaels AD.
Clinical Cardiology. 2007 May;30(5):223-228.
- Neurohormonal effect
Cohen J, Grossman W, Michaels AD.
Clinical Cardiology. 2007 May;30(5):223-228.
- Myocardial Perfusion
Michaels ADF, Raisinghani A, Soran O, de Lame PA, Lemaire ML, Kligfield P, Watson DD, Conti CR, Beller G.
American Heart Journal. 2005 Nov;150(5):1066-1073. - Acute MI
Taguchi I, Ogawa K, Oida A, Abe S, Kaneko N, Sakio H.
American Journal of Cardiology. 2000 Nov 15;86(10):1139-1141.
- AMI/Unstable Angina
Enhanced External Counterpulsation as an Adjunct to Revascularization in Unstable Angina
Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Oster ZH, Zheng ZS, Cabahug C, Katz JP, Dervan JP, Burger L, Jiang L, Soroff HS, Cohn PF.
Clinical Cardiology. 1997 Feb;20:178-180.
AMI/ Unstable AnginaNew Sequential External Counterpulsation for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Zheng ZS, Yu LQ, Cai SR, Kambic H, Li TM, Ma H, Chen PZ, Huang BJ, Nose Y.
Transactions of the American Society of Artificial Internal Organs. 1984 Nov;8(4):470‑477.
- Perfusion
Exercise Capability and Myocardial Perfusion in Chronic Angina Patients Treated with
Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Tartaglia J, Stenerson Jr J, Charney R, Ramasamy S, Fleishman BL, Gerardi P, Hui JCK.
Clinical Cardiology. 2003 Jun;(26):287-290.
Stys TP, Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Fleishman B, Manzo K, Strobeck JE, Tartaglia J, Ramasamy S, Suwita R, Zheng ZS, Liang H, Werner D.
American Journal of Cardiology. 2002 Apr 1;89(7):822-824.
Masuda D, Nohara R, Hirai T, Kataoka K, Chen LG, Hosokawa R, Inubushi M, Tadamura E, Fujita M, Sasayama S.
European Heart Journal. 2001 Aug;22(16):1451-1458.
Masuda D, Nohara R, Inada H, Hirai T, Li-Guang C, Kanda H, Inubushi M, Tadamura E, Fujita M, Sasayama S.
Japanese Circulation Journal. 1999 May;63(5):407-411.
- Quality of Life
Arora RR, Chou TM, Jain D, Fleishman B, Crawford L, McKiernan T, Nesto R, Ferrans CE, Keller S.
Journal of Investigative Medicine. 2002 Jan;50(1):25-32.
- Case Study
Singh M,
Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2000 Sep;75(9):961-965.
Case Studies: Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Tartaglia J, Stenerson JF.
Cardiovascular Reviews and Reports. 1997 Nov;18(11):26, 29-33.
- Rehabilitation
Enhanced External Counterpulsation in the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Coronary Patients in
Sjukri K, Aulia S, Karo-Karo S, Manoefris K, Adnil B, Gunadhi I, Japaries W, Suwita R.
Asian Cardiovascuar & Thoracic Annals. 1995;3(1):26-28.
- Mechanism of action and effects of EECP on organs other than heart Other
Michaels AD, Bart BA, Pinto T, Lafferty J, Fung G, Kennard ED.
Journal of Electrocardiology. 2007 May 25; [Epub ahead of print]
Impact of Enhanced External Counterpulsation on Peripheral Circulation
Werner D, Michalk F, Hinz B, Werner U, Voigt JU, Daniel WG
Angiology. 2007 Apr-May;58(2):185-190.
American Journal Cardiology. 2006 Sep 1;98(5):613-615. Epub 2006 Jun 30.Cyclic GMP Release by Acute Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Levenson J, Pernollet MG, Iliou MC, Devynck MA, Simon A.
American Journal Hypertension. 2006 Aug;19(8):867-872.
Impact of Body Mass Index on Outcomes of Enhanced External Counterpulsation Therapy
McCullough PA, Silver MA, Kennard ED, Kelsey SF, Michaels AD; IEPR Investigators.
American Heart Journal. 2006 Jan;151(1):139 e9-e13.
Effects of Enhanced Counterpulsation on Vascular Cell Release of Coagulation Factors
Arora R, Chen HJ, Rabbani L.
Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute Critical Care. 2005 Jul-Aug;34(4):252-256.Rajaram SS, Shanahan J, Ash C, Walters AS, Weisfogel G.
Sleep Medicine. 2005 Mar;6(2):101-106. Epub 2005 Jan 24
Enhanced External Counterpulsation: A New Technique to Augment Renal Function in Liver Cirrhosis
Werner D, Trägner P, Wawer A, Porst H, Werner DG, Gross P.
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2005 Mar 23; [Epub ahead of print].
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Does Not Compromise Cerebral Autoregulation
Marthol H, Werner D, Brown CM, Hecht M, Daniel WG, Hilz MJ.
Asrta Neorologica Scandinavica 2005 Jan;111(1):34-41.
Werner D, Michalk F, Harazny J, Hugo C, Daniel WG, Michelson G.
Retina. 2004 Aug;24(4):541-547.
Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology. 2004 Jul;9(3):265-269.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Improves Skin Oxygenation and Perfusion
Hilz MJ, Werner D, Marthol H, Flachskampf FA, Daniel WG.
European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2004 Jun;34(6):385-391.
Bagger JP, Hall RJ, Koutroulis G, Nihoyannopoulos P.
American Journal of Cardiology. 2004 Feb 15;93(4):465-467.
Changes of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocities During Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Werner D, Marthol H, Brown CM, Daniel WG, Hilz MJ.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 2003 Jun;107(6):405-411.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation in the Management of Angina in the Elderly
Linnemeier G, Michaels AD, Soran O, Kennard ED; International EECP Registry (IEPR) Investigators.
American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. 2003 Mar-Apr;12(2):90-96.
Lakshmi MV, Kennard ED, Kelsey SF, Holubkov R, Michaels AD.
American Journal of Cardiology. 2002 Jun 1;89(11):1303-1305.
Werner D, Michelson G, Harazny J, Michalk F, Voigt JU, Daniel WG.
Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2001 Aug;239(8):599-602.
Effects of Enhanced External Counterpulsation on Rennin-Angiotensin System on Experimental AMI
Lu L, Zheng ZS, Wu WK, Lawson WE, Hui JCK.
Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress on Heart Disease – New Trends in Research, Diagnosis and Treatment (
Numerical Simulation of Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Ozawa ET, Bottom KE, Xiao X, Kamm RD.
Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2001 Apr;29(4):284-297.
Psychosocial Effects of Enhanced External Counterpulsation in the Angina Patient: A Second Study
Springer S, Fife A, Lawson W, Hui JCK, Jandorf L, Cohn PF, Fricchione G.
Psychosomatics. 2001 Mar-Apr;42(2):124-132.
Historical Review of the Development of Enhanced External Counterpulsation Technology and its Physiologic Rationale
Soroff HS, Hui JCK, Giron F.
Cardiovascular Reviews and Reports. 1997 Nov;18(11):34-36, 39.
Psychosocial Aspects of Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Fricchione GL, Hui JCK,
Cardiovascular Reviews and Reports. 1997 Oct;18(10):37-41.
Psychosocial Effects of Enhanced External Counterpulsation in the Angina Patient
Fricchione GL, Jaghab K, Lawson W, Hui JCK, Jandorf L, Zheng ZS, Cohn PF, Soroff H.
Psychosomatics. 1995 Sep-Oct;36(5)494-497.
- Review
Manchanda A, Soran O. Enhanced external Countrepulsation and Future Directions: Step beyond Medical Management for patients with Angina and Heart Failure. J Am Coll
Cardiol 2007;50:1523-31.
Primer: Practical Approach to the Selection of Patients for and Application of EECP
Michaels AD, McCullough PA, Soran OZ, Lawson WE, Barsness GW, Henry TD, Linnemeier G, Ochoa A, Kelsey SF, Kennard ED.
Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine. 2006 Nov;3(11):623-32.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation for the Treatment of Angina Pectoris
Cohn PF.
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2006 Sep-Oct;49(2):88-97.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation for Treatment of Refractory Angina Pectoris
Novo G, Bagger JP, Carta R, Koutroulis G, Hall R, Nihoyannopoulos P.
Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine. 2006 May;7(5):335-339.
Mechanisms and Evidence for the Role of Enhanced External Counterpulsation in
Silver MA.
Current Heart Failure Reports. 2006 Apr;3(1):25-32.
EECP and Coronary Artery Disease
Bill M.
Advance for Physician Assistants. 2006 Mar;14(2):48-52.
Current Nonpharmacologic Management of Coronary Artery Disease: Focus on External Counterpulsation
Conti CR.
Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2005 May;7(1):81-86.
An Update on Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Shea ML, Conti CR, Arora RR
Clinical Cardiology. 2005 Mar;28(3):115-118.
Angina Pectoris: A Review of Current and Emerging Therapies
Parker JO.
American Journal of Managed Care. 2004 Oct;10(11 Suppl):S332-338.
Current and Future Treatment Strategies for Refractory Angina
Yang EH, Barsness GW, Gersh BJ, Chandrasekaran K, Lerman A.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2004 Oct;79(10):1284-1292.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Brosche TA,
Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing. 2004 Sep/Oct;23(5):208-214.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation for Refractory Angina Pectoris
Sinvhal RM, Gowda RM,Heart. 2003 Aug;89(8):830-833.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation for Ischemic Heart Disease: What’s Behind the Curtain?
Bonetti
Journal of the
Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Lam L, Mahmood S.Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals. 2003 Mar;11(1):92-94.
A Historical Overview of Enhanced External Counterpulsation
DeMaria AN.
Clinical Cardiology. 2002 Dec;25(12 Suppl 2):II3-5.
A Review of Enhanced External Counterpulsation Clinical Trials
Beller GA.
Clinical Cardiology. 2002 Dec;25(12 Suppl 2):II6-10.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation: Mechanism of Action
Feldman AM.
Clinical Cardiology. 2002 Dec;25(12 Suppl 2):II11-15.
Current Use of Enhanced External Counterpulsation and Patient Selection
Lawson WE.
Clinical Cardiology. 2002 Dec;25(12 Suppl 2):II16-21.
Treatment Options for Angina Pectoris and the Future Role of Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Clinical Cardiology. 2002 Dec;25(12 Suppl 2):II22-25.
Ongoing and Planned Studies of Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Conti CR.
Clinical Cardiology. 2002 Dec;25(12 Suppl 2):II26-28.
Linnemeier G.
Journal of Cardiovascular Management. 2002 Nov-Dec;13(6):20-25.
Experience with Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) in Coronary Artery Disease
Crawford LE.
Today’s Therapeutic Trends. 2002;20(3):243-252.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation in Unrevascularizable Patients
Barsness GW.
Current Interventional Cardiology Reports. 2001 Feb;3(1):37-43.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation for Chronic Myocardial Ischemia
Lawson WE, Hui JCK.
The Journal of Critical Illness. 2000 Nov;15(11):629-636.
Treatment Benefit in the Enhanced External Counterpulsation Consortium
Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Lang G.
Cardiology. 2000;94(1):31-35.
EECP Therapy Continues to Demonstrate Potential as a Treatment for Chronic Angina
Lang M.
Cardiovascular Disease Management. 1999 Nov.
Pneumatic External Counterpulsation: A New Noninvasive Method to Improve Organ Perfusion
Werner D, Schneider M, Weise M, Nonnast-Daniel B, Daniel WG.
American Journal of Cardiology. 1999 Oct 15;84(8):950-952
Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Journal of the
Current Opinion in Cardiology. 1999 Jul;14(4):349-358.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation in the Management of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Soran O, Crawford LE, Schneider VM, Feldman AM.
Clinical Cardiology. 1999 Mar;22(3):173-178.
Emerging Treatments for Refractory Angina
Cohn PF.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Chou TM.
ACC Educational Highlights. 1998 Summer:6-9.
The Emerging Role of Enhanced External Counterpulsation in Cardiovascular Disease Management
Strobeck JE, Baklajian R, Hannon JC.
Cardiovascular Reviews and Reports. 1997 Nov;18(11):20-25.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation:
Lawson WE, Cohn PF, Hui JCK, Burger L, Guo T, Soroff H.
Cardiovascular Reviews and Reports. 1997 Oct;18(10):25-29.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation: Chronicle of a New Approach to the Therapy of Angina Pectoris
Cardiovascular Reviews and Reports 1997 Nov;18(11):15-16, 19.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation: A New Therapeutic Option for Patients Who Have Failed Coronary Angioplasty and/or Bypass Surgery
Cohn PF, Lawson WE, Burger L, Hui JCK.
Cardiovascular Reviews and Reports. 1997;18(5):10-17.
New Therapy Provides Non-Invasive Revascularization
Burger L.
Cath-Lab Digest. 1997;5(1):1-4.
Role of Enhanced External Counterpulsation in Angina Treatment
Cohn PF, Lawson WE.
The Journal of Myocardial Ischemia. 1994 Nov-Dec;6(10):25-27.
Efficacy of Enhanced External Counterpulsation in the Treatment of Angina Pectoris
Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Soroff HS, Zheng ZS, Kayden DS, Sasvary D, Atkins H, Cohn PF.
American Journal of Cardiology. 1992 Oct 1;70(9):859-862.
- Key Mechanisms of Action
Hemodynamic Effects of EECP Therapy
Left Ventricular Systolic Unloading and Augmentation of Intracoronary Pressure and Doppler Flow During Enhanced External Counterpulsation
Michaels AD, Accad M, Ports TA, Grossman W.
Circulation. 2002 Sep 3;106(10):1237-1242.Summary: 10 patients underwent left heart catheterization significantly increasing their coronary diastolic pressure (93%), decreasing systolic pressure (15%) and their peak coronary flow velocity increased by 109% as measured by intracoronary Doppler ultrasound during EECP therapy when compared with baseline.
Endothelial Cell Function
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Improves Endothelial Function in Patients with Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease
Bonetti PO, Barsness GW, Keelan PC, Schnell TI, Pumper GM, Kuvin JT, Schnall RP, Holmes DR, Higano ST, Lerman A.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2003 May 21;41(10):1761-1768.Summary: 17 (74%) of the 23 patients with refractory angina improved at least 1 symptomatic Canadian Cardiovascular Society class with a significant increase in their endothelial function as measured by reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) index which occurred after 1 hour of EECP treatment and remained high at 1-month follow-up.
Arterial Stiffness
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Treatment Improves Arterial Wall Properties and Wave Reflection Characteristics in Patients With Refractory Angina
Nichols WW, Estrada JC, Braith RW, Owens K,
Conti CR.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2006 Sep 19;48(6):1209-1215. Epub 2006 Aug 25.Summary: 34, 1-hour EECP treatments in 20 stable angina patients caused a significant decline in the augmentation index and an increase in reflected wave travel time, demonstrating a reduction of arterial stiffness, resulting in a decrease in left ventricular afterload, myocardial oxygen demand and angina episodes and improved Canadian Cardiovascular Society functional class.
Inflammatory Markers
Effect of Enhanced External Counterpulsation on Inflammatory Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules in Patients with Angina Pectoris and Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease
Casey DP, Conti CR, Nichols WW, Choi CY, Khuddus MA, Braith RW.
American Journal of Cardiology. 2008 Feb 1;101(3):300-302. Epub 2007 Dec 11.Summary: 21 patients were randomly assigned to EECP or sham treatment, plasma tumor necrosis factor was reduced by 29% and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by 19% after active treatment compared with no significant changes in the sham group. Circulating level of proinflammatory cytokines are predictors of future coronary events.
Endothelial Progenitor Cell Release
The Effect of External Counter Pulsation Therapy on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients with Angina Pectoris
Barsheshet A, Hod H, Shechter M, Sharabani-Yosef O, Rosenthal E, Barbash IM, Matetzky S, Tal R, Bentancur AG, Sela BA, Nagler A, Leor J.
Cardiology. 2008;110(3):160-6. Epub 2007 Dec 4.Summary: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) positive for CD34 measured by flow cytometry and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) measured by the number of colony-forming units in 25 patients with angina pectoris randomized to 35 daily 1-hour EECP treatment sessions (n=15) and control (n=10) were significantly increased in the EECP treated group and not in the control group. Patients in the EECP therapy group also improved their anginal score from 3.0 pre-EECP therapy to 2.0 post EECP therapy (p<0.001). The improvement of angina post EECP treatment is associated with an increased number of colony-forming capacities of circulating EPCs.
Randomized Clinical Trials and Patient Registry Data in the Treatment of Angina Pectoris and Heart Failure
The Multicenter Study of Enhanced External Counterpulsation (MUST-EECP): Effect of EECP on Exercise-Induced Myocardial Ischemia and Anginal Episodes
Arora RR, Chou TM, Jain D, Fleishman B, Crawford L, McKiernan T, Nesto R.
The Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1999 Jun;33(7):1833-1840.Summary: A multicenter (7 university hospitals), prospective, randomized, blinded, control trial of 139 angina patients with documented coronary artery disease and positive exercise treadmill tests were treated with either active counterpulsation (applied cuff pressure up to 350 mmHg), and inactive counterpulsation (<75 mmHg). Exercise duration increased in both groups, with time to ≥ 1-mm ST-segment depression increased significantly from baseline in the active group compared with the inactive group (p=0.11), as well as a significant reduction in the number of angina episodes (p<0.05). Nitroglycerin usage decreased in the active group but did not change in the inactive group; the between-group difference was not significant (p>0.7).
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Improves Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Feldman AM, Silver MA, Francis GS, Abbottsmith CW, Fleishman BL, Soran O, de Lame PA, Varricchione T for the PEECH Investigators.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2006 Sep 19;48(6):1199-1206. Epub 2006 Aug 25Summary: 187 subjects with mild-to-moderate symptoms of heart failure were randomized to either EECP treatment with protocol-defined pharmacologic therapy (PT) or PT alone. 35% in the EECP therapy group and 25% in control group increased their exercise time by at least 60 sec (p=0.016) at 6 months. However, there was no between group difference in the percentage of subjects with at least 1.25 ml/kg/min increase in peak volume of oxygen uptake. New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class improved in the active treatment group at 1-week (p<0.01), 3 months (p<0.02), and 6 months (p<0.01 post treatment). The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure score also improved significantly in the treated group at 1 week (p<0.002) and 3 months (p=0.01) after treatment, versus no significant changes in the control group.
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Improves Exercise Duration and Peak Oxygen Consumption in Older Patients With Heart Failure: A Subgroup Analysis of the PEECH Trial
Abbottsmith CW, Chung ES, Varricchione T, de Lame PA, Silver MA, Francis GS, Feldman AM; Prospective Evaluation of EECP in Congestive Heart Failure (PEECH) Investigators.
Congestive Heart Failure. 2006 Nov-Dec;12(6):307-311.Summary: This paper reports the results of a pre-specified subgroup analysis of 85 elderly patients (65 years or older) enrolled in the PEECH trial. At 6-months post treatment, the percentage of subjects with >60-second increase in exercise duration was significantly higher in EECP patients compared with the control group (p=0.08). Moreover, in contrast to the overall PEECH study (see above), the older patient group demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of responders with >1.25 ml/kg/min increase in peak volume of oxygen consumption (p=0.017). In addition, the mean changes in exercise duration and peak oxygen consumption from baseline were significantly increased compared with the control group at 1 week, 3 months and 6 months following completion of treatment.
Perfusion to Ischemic Region
Effects of Enhanced External Counterpulsation on Stress Radionuclide Coronary Perfusion and Exercise Capacity in Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris
Stys TP, Lawson WE, Hui JCK, Fleishman B, Manzo K, Strobeck JE, Tartaglia J, Ramasamy S, Suwita R, Zheng ZS, Liang H, Werner D.
The American Journal of Cardiology. 2002 Apr 1;89(7):822-824.7-centers, 175 patients divided into two groupsGroup 1 (4-centers, 97 pts)
Same Level Exercise Pre & Post EECPStress Nuclide Perfusion
• 83% had significant improvement
• 17% no change
• 0% worse RN
Double product no changeGroup 2 (3-centers, 78 pts)
Maximal Exercise Pre & Post EECPStress Nuclide Perfusion
• 54% improved RN perfusion
• 42% no change
• 8% worse
Double product no change
Enhanced External Counterpulsation in the Treatment of Chronic Refractory Angina: A Long-term Follow-up Outcome from the International Enhanced External Counterpulsation Patient Registry
Loh PH, Cleland JG, Louis AA, Kennard ED, Cook JF, Caplin JL, Barsness GW, Lawson WE, Soran OZ, Michaels AD.
Clinical Cardiology. 2008 Apr 10;31(4):159-164.
Experimental Studies
Enhanced External Counterpulsation Inhibits Intimal Hyperplasia by Modifying Shear Stress Responsive Gene Expression in Hypercholesterolemic Pigs
Zhang Y, He X, Chen X, Ma H, Liu D, Luo J, Du Z, Jin Y, Xiong Y, He J, Fang D, Wang K, Lawson WE, Hui JC, Zheng Z, Wu G.
Circulation. 2007 Jul 31;116(5):526-534. Epub 2007 Jul 9.Summary: The coronary arteries and aortas of 35 male pigs randomly assigned to control, high-cholesterol diet and high-cholesterol diet +EECP (EECP started at week 9 to 15) were analyzed after 15 weeks. There was significant increase in peak diastolic arterial wall shear stress during EECP with reduction of intima-to-media area ratio by 42% compared with high-cholesterol group. EECP treated group also increased the protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases ½.
Cost-Effectiveness
Impact of External Counterpulsation Treatment on Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations in Refractory Angina Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Soran O, Kennard ED, Bart BA, Kelsey SF.
Congestive Heart Failure. 2007 Jan-Feb;13(1):36-40.Conservative Estimate of Annual Savings/Patient
# HF PatientTotal # Hospital VisitsAverage Cost Per Hospital VisitTotal Cost to Healthcare System/1,000Before ECP 1,0003,000$5,456$16,368,000After ECP 1,000500$5,456$2,728,000Reduction in hospitalization costs after ECP $13,640,000Cost to treat with ECP $3,640,000Annual savings to healthcare $10,000,000Savings per patient $10,000
Review Paper
Enhanced External Counterpulsation and Future Directions: Step Beyond Medical Management for Patients with Angina and Heart Failure
Manchanda A, Soran O.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2007 Oct 16;50(16):1523-1531. Epub 2007 Oct 1.Evidence
- Safe, non-invasive
- Increase blood flow
- Recruit collaterals
- Stimulate vascular growth
- Improve endothelial function
- Improve neurohormonal factors
- Reduce arterial stiffness
- Decrease angina pectoris
- Improve ischemic heart failure
- Long-term sustained effects
EECP therapy is effective in the treatment of ischemic heart disease (angina, heart failure)For a complete listing of publications about EECP therapy, please see the EECP Therapy Bibliography.
To view the IEPR bibliography visit www.edc.gsph.pitt.edu/iepr.
